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BACKGROUND:Individuals with different vertical facial types have different chin morphologies. For the individuals with different vertical facial types, what is the most beautiful chin morphology? OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of vertical facial types and chin morphology on facial profile attractiveness. METHODS:Three beautiful females were selected, including one with high mandibular angle, one with average angle and one with low angle. Their facial profile photographs were taken. A series of new pictures were generated by the smal scale (2 mm per unit) modification of soft tissue chin in the sagittal direction and vertical direction. Raters consisting of 17 orthodontists and 35 laypersons were selected for aesthetic ratings, in order to evaluate the facial profile attractiveness of the individuals with different vertical facial types. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no esthetic difference of vertical change in female with high angle;while slightly protrude chin was perceived to be more beautiful than retruded chin. For the female with average angle, lower chin was more attractive than higher chin;slightly protruded chin was beautiful than excessive protruded chin and retruded chin. For the individual with low angle, higher chin was preferred by raters;slightly protruded chin was more beautiful than excessive protruded chin and retruded chin.The results indicate that the effects of vertical facial types and chin morphology to facial profile attractiveness are different. In clinical orthodontic, vertical facial types should be taking into consideration to change the chin morphology of the patents, in order to obtain better profile attractiveness.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the cognitive disorders in the first episode of schizophrenia and P300 components.Methods P300 components were measured by using an auditory oddball paradigm with a Denmark KeyPoint Evoked Potentials instrument in 60 cases of schizophrenia and 3 cases of schizophreniform disorder,whose psychopathological status was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Forty healthy subjects were used as control.Results The principal component analysis of the PANSS items revealed five factors:cognitive disorder,negative symptoms,depressive disorder,hostility/excitement and delusion/hallucination.The patients had lower amplitude of P300 at Fz,Cz,Pz,T3 and T4 than the normal controls(P
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Objective:To explore the cognitive modes and behavioral reply modes in order to adopt available psychotherapy to school phobia patients.Methods:Integrative psychotherapy and consulting technology were used to treat 32 patients with school phobia regularly more than 12 times.Their cognitive modes and behavioral reply error modes were induced.Results:The cognitive modes and behavioral reply modes of patients with school phobia were distinct from students that did not have school phobia.Conclusion:Error cognitive modes and passive defensive behavioral modes are the psychopathological features of school phobia.
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Objective:To describe the prevalence of depression of internal and Chinese traditional medicine outpatient departments in different levels of general hospitals in Shenyang.Methods:Stratified multi-stage cluster randomization was used to identify 23 general hospitals for investigation, a total 7448 outpatients above 15 years of age in internal and Chinese traditional medicine outpatient departments have been investigated.Investigator used expanded version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a screen instrument to identify subgroups of the sample at high, moderate and low risk, then psychiatrists determined their diagnosis by using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition(SCID-I/P) for 100% of high-risk and 40% of moderate-risk and 10% of low-risk subjects.Results:At the internal department, the overall current rate of any depressive disorders was 11.01%(95%CI: 10.05%-12.06%), and at the Chinese tradition medicine department, the overall current rate of any depression was higher (16.22%, 95%CI: 13.23%-19.87%).Conclusion:The prevalence of depression of outpatients in the Chinese tradition medicine departments of general hospitals was higher than that of outpatients in the internal medicine department.We should pay attention to depressive disorder in Chinese tradition medicine department than internal medicine department.